Which is the most ancient fruit of India?

The mango which has been under cultivation for over 4,000 years is the most ancient fruit of India. In the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, forests and gardens of mangoes have been mentioned. It is said that a mango grove was presented to the Buddha so that he could use it as a place of repose. Alexander the great is reported to have spotted a pleasant mango garden in the Indus Valley in 327 B.C. Besides being referred to in Sanskrit texts, the mango tree is prominently carved on stupas. And the fruit was a popular motif on the textiles of ancient India.
The mango probably originated in the Assam – Burma – Thailand region. Nature propagated it further in the tropical and sub-tropical forests of India. Today it is found throughout the country in wild and cultivated form.
Hailed as the “Golden Fruit” and ‘the choicest fruit of India’, the mango today is the most favorite fruit of every Indian, and has earned for itself the title ‘the King of Fruits’.

Colors of the stars

One star may have a spectrum that is like that of other stars. The stars in each spectral class are found to have the same color. The colors range from blue to red. Our sun is a yellow star, in the middle of the range. The temperature of a star can also be found by measuring colors in the spectrum. The blue stars are large, hot, and brilliant, with temperatures of 25,000 degrees or more. Red stars are rather cool and have surface temperatures of 1,600 degrees or less. To find what chemical elements are in the stars, the astronomer compares their spectra with spectra made in the laboratory. All the elements found in the stars are also present in the earth, but the stars are basically balls of very hot gas, mainly hydrogen and helium. The astronomers also use special types of telescopes which can photograph large areas of sky. Still another type of instrument is the radio telescope. This has a very large antenna, a receiver, and a registering meter.

How was the light – year discovered?

We know that just by studying the spectrum an astronomer can tell you what a star billions of miles away is made of and the elements present, take the star’s temperature, figure out how fast it is moving, and whether that motion is toward earth or away from it! The spectrum consists of the lines into which white light is broken up when it is bent, as when it goes through a prism. All across the spectrum, in addition to the shadings of color, there are hundreds of parallel lines. They are known as Fraunhofer lines, in honor of their discoverer. Each chemical element in a gaseous or vapor state has its own pattern of lines occupying its own place in the spectrum. The lines stand for the colors taken up from the light by the element when it is heated so that it glows. This means that a scientist can find out what materials are present in any substance, no matter how far removed.

What is an Observatory?

Thousands of years ago, astronomers probably used the pyramids in Egypt and the towers and temples in Babylonia to help them study the sun, moon and stars. There were no telescopes then. In time, astronomical instruments were developed, and as they became larger and more numerous, observatories were built to house them. Some observatories were built to house them. Some observatories were built more than a thousand years ago. An observatory has to be built in the right place, a place with favorable weather conditions, moderate temperatures many days of sunshine and nights without clouds, and as little haze, rain and snow as possible. It must also be away from city lights and neon signs, which make the sky too light for good observation. There are buildings which include living quarters in addition to telescopes. The instruments are housed in structures of steel and concrete. The building for the telescope is constructed in two parts. The lower part is stationary, and the upper part, or roof, is in the shape of a dome which can be rotated.

What is an element?

The elements are sometimes called the building blocks of the Universe because everything in the Universe – including ourselves – is made of them. The nucleus of each element consists of atoms with the same number of protons. Each element is unique, although elements can exist in different forms – for example, carbon may be soft graphite or hard diamond. Elements cannot be broken down into any other substance. There is about 118 elements altogether, and 91 occur naturally on Earth. Others can be created artificially in laboratories, but in minute quantities and they have very short life spans of only thousandths of a second. Each element is also known by a one- or two- letter symbol as well as its name. Examples are Fe for Iron and Na for sodium. A chemical compound is a combination of two or more elements linked together, which can be broken down again into their constituent parts but no further.

The Spectrum of Colours

The electromagnetic spectrum includes all forms of light, from radio waves and microwaves at one end of the scale to X-rays and gamma rays at the other. In between is visible or white light, which is made up of a range of colors. We can see the individual colors when they are split up by water droplets and form a rainbow, or by water droplets and form a rainbow, or passing white light through a prism. It spans a continuous spectrum of colors. The colors of the spectrum are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Actually there are no bands in the Rainbow. The photo pigments in the human eye are an apparent with as completely separated and unconnected and in the brain outputs of photoreceptor and the neural processing. The humans with normal color vision see the rainbow is thought to be representative of how they see everywhere.

Strange studies

Angelology is the study of Angels
Aphnology is the study of Wealth.
Biometrology is the effect of weather on people.
Cereology is the study of Crop circles.
Cryology is the study of snow, ice and frozen ground.
Cryptology is the study of Codes and Ciphers.
Draconology is the study of Dragons.
Enigmatology is the study of puzzles.
Eremology is the study of the Deserts.
Fromology is the study about the cheese.
Garbology is the study of the Rubbish.
Gelotology is the study of the Laughter.
Googlogy is the study of the Google search engine.
Hypnology is the study of Sleep.
Kalology is the study of Beauty.
Limacology is the study of Slugs.
Loimology is the study of Plagues.
Momilogy is the study of Mummies.
Nanotechnology is the study of very small objects.
Nephology is the study of clouds.
Osmology is the study of Smells.
Pharology is the study of Lighthouses.
Polemology is the study of Wars.

Sound level

The decibel (dB) is a way of measuring sound. Sounds of 80-90dB or more can damage hearing and it is dangerous for people to work in sound levels of more than 90dB. Sounds above 130 dB become painful, and people should wear hearing protectors with sounds of more than 140dB. A decibel level of more than 150dB can cause permanent deafness. It is defined as the difference between the pressure which is found within a sound wave and the pressure of the medium outside of itself within the same medium. The time and/ or space are usually averaged with the square of the deviation from the equilibrium pressure, and a square root of such average is taken to a root mean square value. An insignificant disparity which is found in the pressure in air at an audio frequency will be perceived as a deafening sound which can cause damage in hearing.

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How dense?

A cubic meter (m3) of pure water weighs 1,000 kg or one tone. Materials that have a density that is greater than water Sink, and those that are less dense float. Lightweight metals such as aluminium and titanium are important to engineers – for example, for building aircraft that need to be strong but enough to fly. These are the average densities of some of the substances around us. It is defined as a materials mass per unit volume. Its symbol is the Greek letter ‘rho’. It is defined mathematically as

p=m/v

where:

p (rho) is the density,

m is the mass,

V is the volume. Habitually, different materials have different densities. With regarding buoyancy, metal purity and packing the density is considered an important thing. it is expressed as the dimensionless quantities specific gravity or relative density. It is usually expressed in multiplies of the density usually water or air.